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But just how can you create a system that has a decentralized ledger How can you give someone the ability to upgrade the ledger without giving them a lot of powerin case they become corrupt or negligent in their job
Well, Bitcoins rulesalso known as the Bitcoin protocolsolves this in a very creative manner I love to call Who Wants to Be a Banker
In a nutshell, anyone who wants to take part in updating the ledger of Bitcoin transactions, known as the blockchain, can do this. All you need is to guess a random number that solves an equation generated by the computer system. Sounds simple, right
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Obviously, this guessing is done by your PC. The stronger your computer is, the further guesses you can make in a second, increasing your chances of winning this match. If you manage to guess correctly, you earn bitcoins and have to write the next page of Bitcoin transactions on the blockchain. .
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1. Once your mining pc comes up with the right suspect, your mining system determines which of the current pending transactions will be grouped together into the next block of transactions. Compiling this cube represents the moment of glory, as youve now become a temporary banker of Bitcoin who has to update the Bitcoin transaction ledger known as the blockchain. .
2. The block youve created, along with your solution, is sent to the entire network so other computers can affirm it. Its a bit much like a Rubiks cube: The solution is very tough to achieve but quite easy to validate.
3. Each computer which validates your solution upgrades its copy of the Bitcoin transaction ledger together with the transactions that you opted to include in the block.
4. The system generates a predetermined amount of bitcoins (currently 12.5) and benefits them to you as compensation for the time and energy you spent solving the math issue.
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5. Additionally, you get paid any transaction fees which were attached to the transactions you inserted into the next block.
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6. Each of the transactions in the cube youve just entered are now confirmed by the Bitcoin network and are virtually irreversible.
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So thats Bitcoin mining in a nutshell. Its called mining due to the simple fact that this procedure helps mine new Bitcoins from the system. But if you think about it, the mining component is merely a by-product of this transaction confirmation procedure. So the name is somewhat misleading, since the main objective of mining would be to maintain the ledger in a decentralized manner. .
As you can imagine, since mining is based on a form of guessing, for each block, a different miner will suppose the number and also be granted the right to upgrade the blockchain. Of course, that the miners with computing power will succeed more often, but due to the law of statistical probability, its highly unlikely that the exact same miner will succeed each time. .
Now you know what Bitcoin mining is, you may be thinking, Cool! Free money! Where do I sign up Well, not so fast
Satoshi Nakamoto, who invented Bitcoin, crafted the rules for mining in a manner that the further mining energy the network has, the harder it is to guess the answer to the mining math issue. So the difficulty of this mining method is really self-adjusting into the accumulated mining capability the network owns. .
If more miners join, it is going to get harder to solve the problem; when many of them fall off, it is going to get easier. This can be known as mining difficulty.
Now, remember, this is on average. We can have two cubes being inserted minute after minute and then wait an hour to the next block. In the long run, this will even out to ten minutes on average.
As you can imagine, this kind of self-adjusting mechanism has created a sort of arms race to get the most efficient and powerful miners as soon as possible.
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When Bitcoin first started out, there werent a great deal of miners out there. In fact, Satoshi, the inventor of Bitcoin, and his friend Hal Finney were a few the only individuals mining Bitcoin back in the time with their own personal computers.
Using your CPU (central processing unityour computers brain and an integrated component in any computer) was enough for mining Bitcoin back in 2009, since mining issue was low. Since Bitcoin started to catch on, folks looked for more potent mining solutions.